(Fear) the Reaper, LLC: Court of Chancery Clarifies LLC Governance Rights Upon Member Death

A recent decision from the Delaware Court of Chancery, Gurney-Goldman v. Goldman, C. A. 2023-1124-JTL (July 12, 2024), addressed a matter of first impression: What is the power of an estate’s executor to exercise an LLC member’s corporate governance rights after that member dies or becomes disabled? The case reveals a tension between the “pick your partner” principle behind much of Delaware LLC law (members choose to enter into an agreement with the other members, and not their executors) and a policy of fairness to that member who has died or suffered a disability. After evaluating the relevant statutes, Vice Chancellor Laster reasoned that, under the default rule, the executor has seemingly broad power characterized as “a proper purpose, defined as the settlement of the estate or the administration of property.” But the decision also makes clear that parties to an LLC agreement are free to contractually define “the member rights that the executor can potentially exercise.” As the decision succinctly put it: “Let a thousand contractarian flowers bloom.”

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In Case of First Impression, Court of Chancery Awards Expenditures Incurred in Third-Party Litigation as Breach of Contract Damages

On remand from the Delaware Supreme Court, the Court of Chancery has awarded XRI more than $6 million in litigation expenses and recoupment of fees advanced to a former LLC member who breached the governing LLC Agreement.  XRI Inv. Holdings LLC v. Holifield, C.A. No. 2021-0619-JTL (July 24, 2024).  The former LLC member, Gregory Holifield, breached contractual transfer provisions in connection with loans he obtained from a third-party mezzanine lender, Assurance.  After Holifield defaulted on the Assurance loans, Assurance sued XRI in Texas, claiming that XRI had violated rights to Holifield’s XRI equity that Assurance had obtained as part of the loan transaction.  XRI spent $4.1 million defending against and ultimately settling Assurance’s claims.  The Court of Chancery awarded XRI damages reflecting those expenditures in full.  The decision marks the first time a Delaware court has awarded expenses incurred in third-party litigation as breach of contract damages.  The Court of Chancery also held that XRI is entitled to recoup all attorneys’ fees previously advanced to Holifield—approximately $2 million and counting—under the indemnification provisions of the LLC Agreement.  The latter holding marks the rare occasion on which a Delaware court has allowed a company to claw back previously advanced fees.

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Chancery, Affirmed: Delaware is ‘Contractarian,’ So Please Read The Fine Print

On July 5, 2024, the Delaware Supreme Court affirmed a Court of Chancery decision in REM OA Holdings, LLC v. N. Gold Holdings, LLC that serves as a warning for parties entering a contract or other binding document to diligently review each term of the agreement, including by proactively seeking out, reviewing, and analyzing any documents incorporated by reference.

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Chancery Court Reminds Bricklayers of Sturdy Foundation Required to Plead Demand Futility for Caremark Claims

Last month, in Bricklayers Pension Fund of Western Pennsylvania v. Brinkley, Delaware’s Court of Chancery dismissed a stockholder plaintiff’s derivative suit against the directors and officers of Centene Corporation for purported breaches of fiduciary duty in connection with their oversight of company compliance with Medicaid laws and regulations.  The Court concluded that the plaintiff failed to establish demand futility pursuant to Court of Chancery Rule 23.1.  Put another way, the plaintiff failed to demonstrate that it had standing to pursue claims on behalf of Centene.

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Strategic Questions to Consider as Business Courts Open in Texas

Texas’ new business courts are one month away from opening their doors on September 1. Over the last few weeks, Texas has been preparing for that day. Texas Governor Greg Abbott recently appointed the inaugural set of business court judges, and the Texas Supreme Court finalized the business court’s rules and filing fees. Companies that do business in or that otherwise have ties to Texas should also start planning now for the strategic questions that may arise when business courts become an option in just a few short weeks.

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Purple Rain on Non-Managing LLC Members’ Parade

Prince Rogers Nelson – better known by the mononym Prince, or for a time by a really cool symbol – was a world-famous musician, known for playing up to 27 instruments. He wrote dozens of hit songs: Purple Rain, When Doves Cry, Little Res Judicata, er, Red Corvette, the list goes on. But as discussed in McMillan v. Nelson, a recent decision from the Delaware Court of Chancery, what he did not write was a will.

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Look at the Big Picture: A Message to Boards Seeking Business Judgment Rule Protection

In City of Sarasota Firefighters’ Pension Fund v. Inovalon Holdings, Inc., the Delaware Supreme Court provided additional guidance on the contours of the MFW framework and its application – a timely reminder that stockholders (and courts) are looking at the big picture when assessing disclosures in the MFW context.

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<a target=‘_blank’ href="https://www.sidley.com/en/people/s/stern-andrew-w">Andrew W. Stern</a>

Andrew W. Stern

New York
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Charlotte K. Newell

New York
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Elizabeth Y. Austin

Chicago
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Jaime A. Bartlett

San Francisco
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Jim Ducayet

Chicago
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Yolanda C. Garcia

Dallas

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James Heyworth

New York
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Alex J. Kaplan

New York
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Jodi E. Lopez

Los Angeles
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Jon Muenz

New York
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Ian M. Ross

Miami
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Hille R. Sheppard

Chicago
<a target=‘_blank’ href="https://www.sidley.com/en/people/s/sultanian-heather">Heather Benzmiller Sultanian</a>

Heather Benzmiller Sultanian

Chicago
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Robert S. Velevis

Dallas
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Robin E. Wechkin

Seattle

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